diff --git a/solver/source.go b/solver/source.go
index 647deeb4..df8348c9 100644
--- a/solver/source.go
+++ b/solver/source.go
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ func (s *sourceOp) Run(ctx context.Context, _ []Reference) ([]Reference, error)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ref, err := s.sm.Pull(ctx, id)
+	src, err := s.sm.Resolve(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ref, err := src.Snapshot(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/source/containerimage/pull.go b/source/containerimage/pull.go
index e6a1b493..a13744f9 100644
--- a/source/containerimage/pull.go
+++ b/source/containerimage/pull.go
@@ -62,29 +62,63 @@ func (is *imageSource) ID() string {
 	return source.DockerImageScheme
 }
 
-func (is *imageSource) Pull(ctx context.Context, id source.Identifier) (cache.ImmutableRef, error) {
-	// TODO: update this to always centralize layer downloads/unpacks
-	// TODO: progress status
+type puller struct {
+	is          *imageSource
+	resolveOnce sync.Once
+	src         *source.ImageIdentifier
+	desc        ocispec.Descriptor
+	ref         string
+	resolveErr  error
+}
 
+func (is *imageSource) Resolve(ctx context.Context, id source.Identifier) (source.SourceInstance, error) {
 	imageIdentifier, ok := id.(*source.ImageIdentifier)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, errors.New("invalid identifier")
 	}
 
-	resolveProgressDone := oneOffProgress(ctx, "resolve "+imageIdentifier.Reference.String())
-	ref, desc, err := is.resolver.Resolve(ctx, imageIdentifier.Reference.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, resolveProgressDone(err)
+	p := &puller{
+		src: imageIdentifier,
+		is:  is,
 	}
-	resolveProgressDone(nil)
+	return p, nil
+}
 
-	ongoing := newJobs(ref)
+func (p *puller) resolve(ctx context.Context) error {
+	p.resolveOnce.Do(func() {
+		resolveProgressDone := oneOffProgress(ctx, "resolve "+p.src.Reference.String())
+		ref, desc, err := p.is.resolver.Resolve(ctx, p.src.Reference.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			p.resolveErr = err
+			resolveProgressDone(err)
+			return
+		}
+		p.desc = desc
+		p.ref = ref
+		resolveProgressDone(nil)
+	})
+	return p.resolveErr
+}
+
+func (p *puller) CacheKey(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	if err := p.resolve(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return []string{p.desc.Digest.String()}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *puller) Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (cache.ImmutableRef, error) {
+	if err := p.resolve(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ongoing := newJobs(p.ref)
 
 	pctx, stopProgress := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
-	go showProgress(pctx, ongoing, is.ContentStore)
+	go showProgress(pctx, ongoing, p.is.ContentStore)
 
-	fetcher, err := is.resolver.Fetcher(ctx, ref)
+	fetcher, err := p.is.resolver.Fetcher(ctx, p.ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		stopProgress()
 		return nil, err
@@ -98,23 +132,23 @@ func (is *imageSource) Pull(ctx context.Context, id source.Identifier) (cache.Im
 			ongoing.add(desc)
 			return nil, nil
 		}),
-		remotes.FetchHandler(is.ContentStore, fetcher),
-		images.ChildrenHandler(is.ContentStore),
+		remotes.FetchHandler(p.is.ContentStore, fetcher),
+		images.ChildrenHandler(p.is.ContentStore),
 	}
-	if err := images.Dispatch(ctx, images.Handlers(handlers...), desc); err != nil {
+	if err := images.Dispatch(ctx, images.Handlers(handlers...), p.desc); err != nil {
 		stopProgress()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	stopProgress()
 
-	unpackProgressDone := oneOffProgress(ctx, "unpacking "+imageIdentifier.Reference.String())
-	chainid, err := is.unpack(ctx, desc)
+	unpackProgressDone := oneOffProgress(ctx, "unpacking "+p.src.Reference.String())
+	chainid, err := p.is.unpack(ctx, p.desc)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, unpackProgressDone(err)
 	}
 	unpackProgressDone(nil)
 
-	return is.CacheAccessor.Get(ctx, chainid)
+	return p.is.CacheAccessor.Get(ctx, chainid)
 }
 
 func (is *imageSource) unpack(ctx context.Context, desc ocispec.Descriptor) (string, error) {
diff --git a/source/manager.go b/source/manager.go
index b7c9f67f..6f41afa8 100644
--- a/source/manager.go
+++ b/source/manager.go
@@ -10,18 +10,13 @@ import (
 
 type Source interface {
 	ID() string
-	Pull(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (cache.ImmutableRef, error)
+	Resolve(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (SourceInstance, error)
 }
 
-// type Source interface {
-// 	ID() string
-// 	Resolve(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (SourceInstance, error)
-// }
-//
-// type SourceInstance interface {
-// 	GetCacheKey(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
-// 	GetSnapshot(ctx context.Context) (cache.ImmutableRef, error)
-// }
+type SourceInstance interface {
+	CacheKey(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (cache.ImmutableRef, error)
+}
 
 type Manager struct {
 	mu      sync.Mutex
@@ -40,7 +35,7 @@ func (sm *Manager) Register(src Source) {
 	sm.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-func (sm *Manager) Pull(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (cache.ImmutableRef, error) {
+func (sm *Manager) Resolve(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (SourceInstance, error) {
 	sm.mu.Lock()
 	src, ok := sm.sources[id.ID()]
 	sm.mu.Unlock()
@@ -49,5 +44,5 @@ func (sm *Manager) Pull(ctx context.Context, id Identifier) (cache.ImmutableRef,
 		return nil, errors.Errorf("no handler fro %s", id.ID())
 	}
 
-	return src.Pull(ctx, id)
+	return src.Resolve(ctx, id)
 }