Deployment
==========

CTFd is a standard WSGI application so most if not all `Flask documentation`_ on deploying a Flask based application should apply. This page will focus on the recommended ways to deploy CTFd.

.. Important::
   Fully managed and maintained CTFd deployments are available at https://ctfd.io.

Docker
------

CTFd provides automatically generated `Docker images`_ and one of the simplest means of deploying a CTFd instance is to use Docker Compose.

.. Caution:: While Docker can be a very simple means of deploying CTFd, it can make debugging and receiving support more complicated. Before deploying using Docker, be sure you have a cursory understanding of how Docker works.

1. Install `Docker`_
2. Install `Docker Compose`_
3. Clone the CTFd repository with ``git clone https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd.git``
4. Modify the ``docker-compose.yml`` file from the repository to specify a ``SECRET_KEY`` environment for the CTFd service. ::

    environment:
      - SECRET_KEY=<SPECIFY_RANDOM_VALUE>
      - UPLOAD_FOLDER=/var/uploads
      - LOG_FOLDER=/var/log/CTFd
      - DATABASE_URL=mysql+pymysql://root:ctfd@db/ctfd
      - REDIS_URL=redis://cache:6379
      - WORKERS=4

.. Tip::
    You can also run ``python -c "import os; f=open('.ctfd_secret_key', 'a+'); f.write(os.urandom(64)); f.close()"`` within the CTFd repo to generate a .ctfd_secret_key file.

5. Run ``docker-compose up``
6. You should now be able to access CTFd at http://localhost:8000

.. Note::
    The default Docker Compose configuration files do not provide a reverse proxy server or configure SSL/TLS. This is left as an exercise to the reader by design.

Standard WSGI Deployment
------------------------

As a web application, CTFd has a few dependencies which require installation.

1. WSGI server
2. Database server
3. Caching server

WSGI Server
~~~~~~~~~~~

While CTFd is a standard WSGI application and most WSGI servers (e.g. gunicorn, UWSGI, waitress) will likely suffice, CTFd is most commonly deployed with gunicorn. This is because of its simplicity and reasonable performance. It is installed by default and used by other deployment methods discussed on this page. By default it is configured to use gevent as a worker class.


Database Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CTFd makes use of SQLAlchemy and as such supports a number of SQL databases. As of CTFd 2.0, the recommended database type is MySQL. CTFd is tested and has been installed against SQLite, Postgres, and MariaDB but this could change in the future.

By default CTFd will create a SQLite database if no database server has been configured.

.. Note::
    CTFd makes use of the JSON data type. MySQL >= 5.7.8 implements a proper JSON type while MariaDB does not. Small differences like these could eventually result in CTFd only supporting a few database servers.

Caching Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

CTFd makes heavy use of caching servers to store configuration values, user sessions, and page content. It is important to deploy CTFd with a caching server. The preferred caching server option is Redis.

By default if no cache server is configured,  CTFd will attempt to use the filesystem as a cache and store values in the ``.data`` folder. This type of caching is not very performant thus it is highly recommended that you configure a Redis server.

Vagrant
-------

CTFd provides a basic Vagrantfile for use with Vagrant. To run using Vagrant run the following commands:

::

    vagrant up

Visit http://localhost:8000 where CTFd will be running.

To access the internal gunicorn terminal session inside Vagrant run:

::

    vagrant ssh
    tmux attach ctfd

.. Note::

    CTFd's Vagrantfile is not commonly used and is only community supported

Debug Server
------------

The absolute simplest way to deploy CTFd merely involves running `python serve.py` to start Flask's built-in debugging server. This isn't recommended for anything but debugging and should not be used for any kind of load. It is discussed here because the debugging server can make identifying bugs and misconfigurations easier. In addition, development mostly occurs using the debug server.

.. Important::
   CTFd makes every effort to be an easy to setup application.
   However, deploying CTFd for large amounts of users can be difficult.

   Fully managed and maintained CTFd deployments are available at https://ctfd.io. If you're interested in a specialized CTFd deployment with custom features please `contact us <https://ctfd.io/contact/>`_.


.. _Flask documentation: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/latest/deploying/
.. _Docker images: https://hub.docker.com/r/ctfd/ctfd/
.. _Docker: https://docs.docker.com/install/
.. _Docker Compose: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
.. _contact us: https://ctfd.io/contact/