regluit/core/bookloader.py

"""
external library imports
"""
import json
import logging
import requests

from datetime import timedelta
from itertools import izip, islice
from xml.etree import ElementTree

"""
django imports
"""
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.comments.models import Comment
from django.db import IntegrityError
from django.db.models import Q

"""
regluit imports
"""
import regluit
import regluit.core.isbn

from regluit.core import models
from regluit.utils.localdatetime import now

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def add_by_oclc(isbn, work=None):
    # this is indirection in case we have a data source other than google
    return add_by_oclc_from_google(isbn)


def add_by_oclc_from_google(oclc):
    if oclc:
        logger.info("adding book by oclc %s" , oclc)
    else:
        return None
    try:
        return models.Identifier.objects.get(type='oclc', value=oclc).edition
    except:
        url = "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes"
        try:
            results = _get_json(url, {"q": '"OCLC%s"' % oclc})
        except LookupFailure, e:
            logger.exception("lookup failure for %s", oclc)
            return None
        if not results.has_key('items') or len(results['items']) == 0:
            logger.warn("no google hits for %s" , oclc)
            return None
    
        try:
            e = add_by_googlebooks_id(results['items'][0]['id'], results=results['items'][0])
            models.Identifier(type='oclc', value=oclc, edition=e, work=e.work).save()
            return e
        except LookupFailure, e:
            logger.exception("failed to add edition for %s", oclc)
        except IntegrityError, e:
            logger.exception("google books data for %s didn't fit our db", oclc)
        return None

def add_by_isbn(isbn, work=None):
    if not isbn:
        return None
    try:
        e = add_by_isbn_from_google(isbn, work=work)
    except LookupFailure:
        logger.exception("failed google lookup for %s", isbn)
        # try again some other time
        return None
    if e:
        return e
    
    logger.info("null came back from add_by_isbn_from_google: %s", isbn)

    if not work or not work.title:
        return None

    # if there's a work with a title, we want to create stub editions and 
    # works, even if google doesn't know about it # but if it's not valid, 
    # forget it!

    try:
        isbn = regluit.core.isbn.ISBN(isbn)
    except:
        logger.exception("invalid isbn: %s", isbn)
        return None
    if not isbn.valid:
        return None
    isbn = isbn.to_string()
    
    # we don't know the language  ->'xx'
    w = models.Work(title=work.title, language='xx')
    w.save()
    e = models.Edition(title=work.title,work=w)
    e.save()
    e.new = True
    models.Identifier(type='isbn', value=isbn, work=w, edition=e).save()
    return e

def get_google_isbn_results(isbn):
    url = "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes"
    try:
        results = _get_json(url, {"q": "isbn:%s" % isbn})
    except LookupFailure:
        logger.exception("lookup failure for %s", isbn)
        return None
    if not results.has_key('items') or len(results['items']) == 0:
        logger.warn("no google hits for %s" , isbn)
        return None
    else:
        return results
        
def add_ebooks(item, edition):
    access_info = item.get('accessInfo')
    if access_info:
        edition.public_domain = access_info.get('publicDomain', None)
        epub = access_info.get('epub')
        if epub and epub.get('downloadLink'):
            ebook = models.Ebook(edition=edition, format='epub',
                                 url=epub.get('downloadLink'),
                                 provider='Google Books')
            try:
                ebook.save()
            except IntegrityError:
                pass
                
            
        pdf = access_info.get('pdf')
        if pdf and pdf.get('downloadLink'):
            ebook = models.Ebook(edition=edition, format='pdf',
                                 url=pdf.get('downloadLink', None),
                                 provider='Google Books')
            try:
                ebook.save()
            except IntegrityError:
                pass


def update_edition(edition):
    """
    attempt to update data associated with input edition and return that updated edition
    """

    # if there is no ISBN associated with edition, just return the input edition
    try:
        isbn=edition.identifiers.filter(type='isbn')[0].value
    except (models.Identifier.DoesNotExist, IndexError):
        return edition

    # do a Google Books lookup on the isbn associated with the edition (there should be either 0 or 1 isbns associated
    # with an edition because of integrity constraint in Identifier)
    
    # if we get some data about this isbn back from Google, update the edition data accordingly
    results=get_google_isbn_results(isbn)
    if not results:
        return edition
    item=results['items'][0]
    googlebooks_id=item['id']
    d = item['volumeInfo']
    if d.has_key('title'):
        title = d['title']
    else:
        title=''
    if len(title)==0:
        # need a title to make an edition record; some crap records in GB. use title from parent if available
        title=edition.work.title

    # check for language change
    language = d['language']
    # don't track variants in main language (e.g., traditional vs simplified Chinese)
    if len(language)>2:
        language= language[0:2]
    
    # if the language of the edition no longer matches that of the parent work, attach edition to the    
    if edition.work.language != language:
        logger.info("reconnecting %s since it is %s instead of %s" %(googlebooks_id, language, edition.work.language))
        old_work=edition.work
        
        new_work = models.Work(title=title, language=language)
        new_work.save()
        edition.work = new_work
        edition.save()
        for identifier in edition.identifiers.all():
            logger.info("moving identifier %s" % identifier.value)
            identifier.work=new_work
            identifier.save()
        if old_work and old_work.editions.count()==0:
            #a dangling work; make sure nothing else is attached!
            merge_works(new_work,old_work)    
    
    # update the edition
    edition.title = title
    edition.publication_date = d.get('publishedDate', '')
    edition.set_publisher(d.get('publisher'))
    edition.save()
    
    # create identifier if needed
    models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='goog',value=googlebooks_id,edition=edition,work=edition.work)

    for a in d.get('authors', []):
        a, created = models.Author.objects.get_or_create(name=a)
        a.editions.add(edition)
    
    add_ebooks(item, edition)
            
    return edition

    
def add_by_isbn_from_google(isbn, work=None):
    """add a book to the UnglueIt database from google based on ISBN. The work parameter
    is optional, and if not supplied the edition will be associated with
    a stub work.
    """
    if not isbn:
        return None
    if len(isbn)==10:
        isbn = regluit.core.isbn.convert_10_to_13(isbn)
    

    # check if we already have this isbn
    edition = get_edition_by_id(type='isbn',value=isbn)
    if edition:
        edition.new = False
        return edition

    logger.info("adding new book by isbn %s", isbn)
    results=get_google_isbn_results(isbn)
    if results:
        try:
            return add_by_googlebooks_id(results['items'][0]['id'], work=work, results=results['items'][0], isbn=isbn)
        except LookupFailure, e:
            logger.exception("failed to add edition for %s", isbn)
        except IntegrityError, e:
            logger.exception("google books data for %s didn't fit our db", isbn)
        return None
    else:
        return None
        
def get_work_by_id(type,value):
    if value:
        try:
            return models.Identifier.objects.get(type=type,value=value).work
        except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist:
            return None

def get_edition_by_id(type,value):
    if value:
        try:
            return models.Identifier.objects.get(type=type,value=value).edition
        except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist:
            return None


def add_by_googlebooks_id(googlebooks_id, work=None, results=None, isbn=None):
    """add a book to the UnglueIt database based on the GoogleBooks ID. The
    work parameter is optional, and if not supplied the edition will be 
    associated with a stub work. isbn can be passed because sometimes passed data won't include it 
    
    """
    # don't ping google again if we already know about the edition
    try:
        edition = models.Identifier.objects.get(type='goog', value=googlebooks_id).edition
        edition.new = False
        return edition
    except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist:
        pass
    
    # if google has been queried by caller, don't call again
    if results:
        item =results
    else:
        logger.info("loading metadata from google for %s", googlebooks_id)
        url = "https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes/%s" % googlebooks_id
        item  = _get_json(url)
    d = item['volumeInfo']
    
    if d.has_key('title'):
        title = d['title']
    else:
        title=''
    if len(title)==0:
        # need a title to make an edition record; some crap records in GB. use title from parent if available
        if work:
            title=work.title
        else:
            return None

    # don't add the edition to a work with a different language
    # https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/17234433
    language = d['language']
    if len(language)>2:
        language= language[0:2]
    if work and work.language != language:
        logger.info("not connecting %s since it is %s instead of %s" %
                (googlebooks_id, language, work.language))
        work = None
    # isbn = None
    if not isbn: 
        for i in d.get('industryIdentifiers', []):
            if i['type'] == 'ISBN_10' and not isbn:
                isbn = regluit.core.isbn.convert_10_to_13(i['identifier'])
            elif i['type'] == 'ISBN_13':
                isbn = i['identifier']

    # now check to see if there's an existing Work
    if work:
        work.new = False
    if isbn and not work:
        work = get_work_by_id(type='isbn',value=isbn)
        if work:
            work.new = False
    if not work:
        work = models.Work.objects.create(title=title, language=language)
        work.new = True
        work.save()


    # going off to google can take some time, so we want to make sure this edition has not
    # been created in another thread while we were waiting
    try:
        e = models.Identifier.objects.get(type='goog', value=googlebooks_id).edition
        e.new = False
        # whoa nellie, somebody else created an edition while we were working.
        if work.new:
            work.delete()
        return e
    except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist:
        pass
    
    
    # because this is a new google id, we have to create a new edition
    e = models.Edition(work=work)
    e.title = title
    e.publication_date = d.get('publishedDate', '')
    e.set_publisher(d.get('publisher'))
    e.save()
    e.new = True
    
    # create identifier where needed
    models.Identifier(type='goog',value=googlebooks_id,edition=e,work=work).save()
    if isbn:
        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='isbn',value=isbn,edition=e,work=work)

    for a in d.get('authors', []):
        a, created = models.Author.objects.get_or_create(name=a)
        a.editions.add(e)

    add_ebooks(item, e)
            
    return e


def relate_isbn(isbn, cluster_size=1):
    """add a book by isbn and then see if there's an existing work to add it to so as to make a cluster 
    bigger than cluster_size.
    """
    logger.info("finding a related work for %s", isbn)

    edition = add_by_isbn(isbn)
    if edition is None:
        return None
    if edition.work is None:
        logger.info("didn't add related to null work")
        return None
    if edition.work.editions.count()>cluster_size:
        return edition.work
    for other_isbn in thingisbn(isbn):
        # 979's come back as 13
        logger.debug("other_isbn: %s", other_isbn)
        if len(other_isbn)==10:
            other_isbn = regluit.core.isbn.convert_10_to_13(other_isbn)
        related_edition = add_by_isbn(other_isbn, work=edition.work)
        if related_edition:
            related_language = related_edition.work.language
            if edition.work.language == related_language:
                if related_edition.work is None:
                    related_edition.work = edition.work
                    related_edition.save()
                elif related_edition.work.id != edition.work.id:
                    logger.debug("merge_works path 1 %s %s", edition.work.id, related_edition.work.id )
                    merge_works(related_edition.work, edition.work)
                
                if related_edition.work.editions.count()>cluster_size:
                    return related_edition.work
    return edition.work

def add_related(isbn):
    """add all books related to a particular ISBN to the UnglueIt database.
    The initial seed ISBN will be added if it's not already there.
    """
    # make sure the seed edition is there
    logger.info("adding related editions for %s", isbn)
    
    new_editions = []

    edition = add_by_isbn(isbn)
    if edition is None:
        return new_editions
    if edition.work is None:
        logger.warning("didn't add related to null work")
        return new_editions
    # this is the work everything will hang off
    work = edition.work
    other_editions = {}
    for other_isbn in thingisbn(isbn):
        # 979's come back as 13
        logger.debug("other_isbn: %s", other_isbn)
        if len(other_isbn)==10:
            other_isbn = regluit.core.isbn.convert_10_to_13(other_isbn)
        related_edition = add_by_isbn(other_isbn, work=work)

        if related_edition:
            related_language = related_edition.work.language
            if edition.work.language == related_language:
                new_editions.append(related_edition)
                if related_edition.work is None:
                    related_edition.work = work
                    related_edition.save()
                elif related_edition.work.id != work.id:
                    logger.debug("merge_works path 1 %s %s", work.id, related_edition.work.id )
                    merge_works(work, related_edition.work)
            else:
                if other_editions.has_key(related_language):
                    other_editions[related_language].append(related_edition)
                else:
                    other_editions[related_language]=[related_edition]

    # group the other language editions together
    for lang_group in other_editions.itervalues():
        logger.debug("lang_group (ed, work): %s", [(ed.id, ed.work.id) for ed in lang_group])
        if len(lang_group)>1:
            lang_edition = lang_group[0]
            logger.debug("lang_edition.id: %s", lang_edition.id)
            # compute the distinct set of works to merge into lang_edition.work
            works_to_merge = set([ed.work for ed in lang_group[1:]]) - set([lang_edition.work])
            for w in works_to_merge:
                logger.debug("merge_works path 2 %s %s", lang_edition.work.id, w.id )
                merge_works(lang_edition.work, w)
        
    return new_editions
    

def thingisbn(isbn):
    """given an ISBN return a list of related edition ISBNs, according to 
    Library Thing. (takes isbn_10 or isbn_13, returns isbn_10, except for 979 isbns, which come back as isbn_13')
    """
    logger.info("looking up %s at ThingISBN" , isbn)
    url = "http://www.librarything.com/api/thingISBN/%s" % isbn
    xml = requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": settings.USER_AGENT}).content
    doc = ElementTree.fromstring(xml)
    return [e.text for e in doc.findall('isbn')]


def merge_works(w1, w2, user=None):
    """will merge the second work (w2) into the first (w1)
    """
    logger.info("merging work %s into %s", w2, w1)
    # don't merge if the works are the same or at least one of the works has no id (for example, when w2 has already been deleted)
    if w1 is None or w2 is None or w1.id == w2.id or w1.id is None or w2.id is None:
        return
    
    for identifier in w2.identifiers.all():
        identifier.work = w1
        identifier.save()
    for comment in Comment.objects.for_model(w2):
        comment.object_pk = w1.pk
        comment.save()
    for edition in w2.editions.all():
        edition.work = w1
        edition.save()
    for campaign in w2.campaigns.all():
        campaign.work = w1
        campaign.save()
    for claim in w2.claim.all():
        claim.work = w1
        claim.save()
    for wishlist in models.Wishlist.objects.filter(works__in=[w2]):
        w2source = wishlist.work_source(w2)
        wishlist.remove_work(w2)
        wishlist.add_work(w1, w2source)
    for subject in w2.subjects.all():
        if subject not in w1.subjects.all():
            w1.subjects.add(subject)

    models.WasWork(was=w2.pk, work=w1, user=user).save()
    for ww in models.WasWork.objects.filter(work = w2):
        ww.work = w1
        ww.save()
        
    w2.delete()
    
def detach_edition(e):
    """will detach edition from its work, creating a new stub work. if remerge=true, will see if there's another work to attach to
    """
    logger.info("splitting edition %s from %s", e, e.work)
    w = models.Work(title=e.title, language = e.work.language)
    w.save()
    
    for identifier in e.identifiers.all():
        identifier.work = w
        identifier.save()
    
    e.work = w
    e.save()

def despam_description(description):
    """ a lot of descriptions from openlibrary have free-book promotion text; this removes some of it."""
    if description.find("GeneralBooksClub.com")>-1 or description.find("AkashaPublishing.Com")>-1:
        return ""
    pieces=description.split("1stWorldLibrary.ORG -")
    if len(pieces)>1:
        return pieces[1]
    pieces=description.split("a million books for free.")
    if len(pieces)>1:
        return pieces[1]
    return description

def add_openlibrary(work, hard_refresh = False):
    if (not hard_refresh) and work.openlibrary_lookup is not None:
        # don't hit OL if we've visited in the past month or so
        if now()- work.openlibrary_lookup < timedelta(days=30):
             return
    work.openlibrary_lookup = now()
    work.save()

    # find the first ISBN match in OpenLibrary
    logger.info("looking up openlibrary data for work %s", work.id)
    found = False
    e = None # openlibrary edition json
    w = None # openlibrary work json

    # get the 1st openlibrary match by isbn that has an associated work
    url = "http://openlibrary.org/api/books"
    params = {"format": "json", "jscmd": "details"}
    subjects = []
    for edition in work.editions.all():
        isbn_key = "ISBN:%s" % edition.isbn_13
        params['bibkeys'] = isbn_key
        try:
            e = _get_json(url, params, type='ol')
        except LookupFailure:
            logger.exception("OL lookup failed for  %s", isbn_key)
            e = {}
        if e.has_key(isbn_key):
            if e[isbn_key].has_key('details'):
                if e[isbn_key]['details'].has_key('oclc_numbers'):
                    for oclcnum in e[isbn_key]['details']['oclc_numbers']:
                        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='oclc',value=oclcnum,work=work, edition=edition)
                if e[isbn_key]['details'].has_key('identifiers'):
                    ids = e[isbn_key]['details']['identifiers']
                    if ids.has_key('goodreads'):
                        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='gdrd',value=ids['goodreads'][0],work=work,edition=edition)
                    if ids.has_key('librarything'):
                        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='ltwk',value=ids['librarything'][0],work=work)
                    if ids.has_key('google'):
                        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='goog',value=ids['google'][0],work=work)
                    if ids.has_key('project_gutenberg'):
                        models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='gute',value=ids['project_gutenberg'][0],work=work)
                if e[isbn_key]['details'].has_key('works'):
                    work_key = e[isbn_key]['details']['works'].pop(0)['key']
                    logger.info("got openlibrary work %s for isbn %s", work_key, isbn_key)
                    models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='olwk',value=work_key,work=work)
                    try:
                        w = _get_json("http://openlibrary.org" + work_key,type='ol')
                        if w.has_key('description'):
                            description=w['description']
                            if isinstance(description,dict):
                                if description.has_key('value'):
                                    description=description['value']
                            description=despam_description(description)
                            if not work.description or work.description.startswith('{') or len(description) > len(work.description):
                                work.description = description
                                work.save()
                        if w.has_key('subjects') and len(w['subjects']) > len(subjects):
                            subjects = w['subjects']
                    except LookupFailure:
                        logger.exception("OL lookup failed for  %s", work_key)
    if not subjects:
        logger.warn("unable to find work %s at openlibrary", work.id)
        return 

    # add the subjects to the Work
    for s in subjects:
        logger.info("adding subject %s to work %s", s, work.id)
        subject, created = models.Subject.objects.get_or_create(name=s)
        work.subjects.add(subject)
    
    work.save()

    # TODO: add authors here once they are moved from Edition to Work


def _get_json(url, params={}, type='gb'):
    # TODO: should X-Forwarded-For change based on the request from client?
    headers = {'User-Agent': settings.USER_AGENT, 
               'Accept': 'application/json',
               'X-Forwarded-For': '69.174.114.214'}
    if type == 'gb':
        params['key'] = settings.GOOGLE_BOOKS_API_KEY
        params['country'] = 'us'
    response = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        return json.loads(response.content)
    else:
        logger.error("unexpected HTTP response: %s" % response)
        if response.content:
            logger.error("response content: %s" % response.content)
        raise LookupFailure("GET failed: url=%s and params=%s" % (url, params))


def load_gutenberg_edition(title, gutenberg_etext_id, ol_work_id, seed_isbn, url, format, license, lang, publication_date):
    
    # let's start with instantiating the relevant Work and Edition if they don't already exist
    
    try:
        work = models.Identifier.objects.get(type='olwk',value=ol_work_id).work
    except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist: # try to find an Edition with the seed_isbn and use that work to hang off of
        sister_edition = add_by_isbn(seed_isbn)
        if sister_edition.new:
            # add related editions asynchronously
            regluit.core.tasks.populate_edition.delay(sister_edition.isbn_13)
        work = sister_edition.work
        # attach the olwk identifier to this work if it's not none.
        if ol_work_id is not None:
            work_id = models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='olwk',value=ol_work_id, work=work)

    # Now pull out any existing Gutenberg editions tied to the work with the proper Gutenberg ID
    try:
        edition = models.Identifier.objects.get( type='gtbg', value=gutenberg_etext_id ).edition    
    except models.Identifier.DoesNotExist:
        edition = models.Edition()
        edition.title = title
        edition.work = work
        
        edition.save()
        edition_id = models.Identifier.get_or_add(type='gtbg',value=gutenberg_etext_id, edition=edition, work=work)
        
    # check to see whether the Edition hasn't already been loaded first
    # search by url
    ebooks = models.Ebook.objects.filter(url=url)
    
    # format: what's the controlled vocab?  -- from Google -- alternative would be mimetype
    
    if len(ebooks):  
        ebook = ebooks[0]
    elif len(ebooks) == 0: # need to create new ebook
        ebook = models.Ebook()

    if len(ebooks) > 1:
        warnings.warn("There is more than one Ebook matching url {0}".format(url))
        
        
    ebook.format = format
    ebook.provider = 'Project Gutenberg'
    ebook.url =  url
    ebook.rights = license
        
    # is an Ebook instantiable without a corresponding Edition? (No, I think)
    
    ebook.edition = edition
    ebook.save()
    
    return ebook

def add_missing_isbn_to_editions(max_num=None, confirm=False):
    """For each of the editions with Google Books ids, do a lookup and attach ISBNs.  Set confirm to True to check db changes made correctly"""
    logger.info("Number of editions with Google Books IDs but not ISBNs (before): %d", 
        models.Edition.objects.filter(identifiers__type='goog').exclude(identifiers__type='isbn').count())
    
    from regluit.experimental import bookdata
    
    gb = bookdata.GoogleBooks(key=settings.GOOGLE_BOOKS_API_KEY)
    
    new_isbns = []
    google_id_not_found = []
    no_isbn_found = []
    editions_to_merge = []
    exceptions = []
    
    
    for (i, ed) in enumerate(islice(models.Edition.objects.filter(identifiers__type='goog').exclude(identifiers__type='isbn'), max_num)):
        try:
            g_id = ed.identifiers.get(type='goog').value
        except Exception, e:
            # we might get an exception if there is, for example, more than one Google id attached to this Edition
            logger.exception("add_missing_isbn_to_editions for edition.id %s: %s", ed.id, e)
            exceptions.append((ed.id, e))
            continue
        
        # try to get ISBN from Google Books
        try:
            vol_id = gb.volumeid(g_id)
            if vol_id is None:
                google_id_not_found.append((ed.id, g_id))
                logger.debug("g_id not found: %s", g_id)
            else:
                isbn = vol_id.get('isbn')
                logger.info("g_id, isbn: %s %s", g_id, isbn)
                if isbn is not None:
                    # check to see whether the isbn is actually already in the db but attached to another Edition
                    existing_isbn_ids = models.Identifier.objects.filter(type='isbn', value=isbn)
                    if len(existing_isbn_ids):
                        # don't try to merge editions right now, just note the need to merge
                        ed2 = existing_isbn_ids[0].edition
                        editions_to_merge.append((ed.id, g_id, isbn, ed2.id))
                    else:
                        new_id = models.Identifier(type='isbn', value=isbn, edition=ed, work=ed.work)
                        new_id.save()
                        new_isbns.append((ed.id, g_id, isbn))
                else:
                    no_isbn_found.append((ed.id, g_id, None))
        except Exception, e:
            logger.exception("add_missing_isbn_to_editions for edition.id %s: %s", ed.id, e)
            exceptions.append((ed.id, g_id, None, e))
            
    logger.info("Number of editions with Google Books IDs but not ISBNs (after): %d", 
        models.Edition.objects.filter(identifiers__type='goog').exclude(identifiers__type='isbn').count())     
    
    ok = None
    
    if confirm:
        ok = True
        for (ed_id, g_id, isbn) in new_isbns:
            if models.Edition.objects.get(id=ed_id).identifiers.get(type='isbn').value != isbn:
                ok = False
                break
            
    return {
        'new_isbns': new_isbns,
        'no_isbn_found': no_isbn_found,
        'editions_to_merge': editions_to_merge, 
        'exceptions': exceptions,
        'google_id_not_found': google_id_not_found,
        'confirm': ok
    }


class LookupFailure(Exception):
    pass